Otis Blackwell (1931-2002)

August 08, 2007 
/ Contributed By: Elwood Watson

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|Otis Blackwell|

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Otis Blackwell was an American songwriter, singer, and pianist whose work significantly influenced rock ‘n’ roll. His compositions include Elvis Presley’s “Don’t Be Cruel,” “All Shook Up” and “Return to Sender,” Little Willie John’s “Fever,” Jerry Lee Lewis’s “Great Balls of Fire” and “Breathless” (with Winfield Scott), and Jimmy Jones’s “Handy Man.”

Otis Blackwell was born on February 16, 1931 in Brooklyn, New York. He won a local talent contest at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, New York in 1952, at 21. He could not, however, transform his initial accomplishment into a successful career as a performer. His own recordings never cracked the Top 40 on the hit parade charts. “When you hit them with your best stuff and they just look at you, well, it’s time to go home,” he said.

Blackwell then turned to song writing and soon became one of the leading figures of early rock ‘n’ roll, despite being virtually unknown to the public. Blackwell wrote million-selling songs for Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Dee Clark and other leading artists throughout the 1950s. He also recruited other songwriters to write for Presley such as Winfield Scott. When a contract dispute with his publishing company forced him to stop writing songs under his own name, he adopted the white-sounding pen-name, “John Davenport.” Throughout his lifetime, Blackwell (aka Davenport) composed more than a thousand songs which had worldwide sales of close to 200 million records.

Otis Blackwell distilled emotions into lyrics that everyone understood. One of his many hit songs, “Don’t Be Cruel,” performed by then relatively unknown Elvis Presley, went to number one on the pop charts. Even Presley was unaware of the song’s potential, recording it on the B side opposite the lead song “Hound Dog.” Although “Hound Dog” stayed number one on the pop charts for four weeks, “Don’t Be Cruel” remained in that position for eight weeks and stayed on the charts for an unprecedented 18 months. Two other early Presley hits, “All Shook Up” and “Return to Sender,” were composed by Blackwell.

For years Blackwell’s talent was largely ignored by the American public. Even Elvis Presley, who owed much of his success to Blackwell’s songs, failed to list him as the head writer on the songs he recorded. Though he was able to live comfortably for the majority of his life, Blackwell saw little of the fortune that other artists made on his music in the late 1950s and early 1960s.  He accepted his fate as a learning experience. “Back then, a lot of people got the breaks but they didn’t get the money,” he said. “Until I started writing for Presley, I didn’t know the rules.” As for Presley scoring big on his songs, Blackwell said, “He got famous and I got rewards. That’s fair.”

Otis Blackwell’s career began to slide once the Beatles hit the scene in 1964. There was a brief renaissance in 1976 when Stevie Wonder acknowledged him at a music ceremony. After he suffered a debilitating stroke in 1991, a number of artists recorded a tribute to his songs in an album entitled “Brace Yourself” which was released three years later in 1994. Throughout the 1990s Blackwell’s health declined and he died on May 6, 2002 in Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 71.

Author Profile

Elwood Watson is a professor of History, African American Studies, and Gender Studies at East Tennessee State University. He is the co-editor of two anthologies There She Is, Miss America: The Politics of Sex, Beauty and Race in America’s Most Famous Pageant and The Oprah Phenomenon. He is the sole editor of the anthology Searching The Soul of Ally McBeal: Critical Essays. His book Outsiders Within: Black Women in the Legal Academy After Brown v. Board was published in 2008 by Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. The author and co-author of several award winning articles, he is currently working on an anthology that explores performance and anxiety of the male body and a second monograph that explores the contemporary race realist movement. Watson is also the co-author of the forthcoming book, Beginning A Career in Academia: A Graduate Guide for Students of Color Routledge Press (2014).

CITE THIS ENTRY IN APA FORMAT:

Watson, E. (2007, August 08). Otis Blackwell (1931-2002). BlackPast.org. https://new.blackpast.org/african-american-history/blackwell-otis-1932-2002/

Source of the Author's Information:

Holly George-Warren and Anthony Decurtis, eds., The Rolling Stone
Illustrated History of Rock & Roll, 3rd Edition
(New York: Random
House, 1976); Biography of Otis Blackwell, Songwriters Hall of Fame.
Retrieved on November 20, 2006.; Brian Dalton, “Songwriter Otis
Blackwell Left Music All Shook Up,” Investors Business Daily,  March
16, 2007.

Further Reading