Concepts
The Affordable Care Act (2010)
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2020 expands health care coverage to 17 million Americans who were previously uninsured. This...
Hispanics Replace African Americans as the Largest Group of Color in the U.S. (2003)
On July 1, 2003, the U.S. Census reported for the first time that Hispanics outnumbered African Americans to become the...
Rhode Island Constitution of 1842
After American independence most states wrote constitutions that mirrored the national constitution with minor differences. The state of Rhode Island...
A Brief History of African American Suburbanization
Although Black Americans have lived on the outskirts of major American cities since colonial times, Black suburbanization, that is the...
Operation Hammer (1987-1990)
Operation Hammer, a law enforcement program by the Los Angeles Police Department that began in 1987 was ostensibly an attempt...
Black Cowboys in the 19th Century West (1850-1900)
The earliest evidence of African Americans as cattle herders (cowboys) in North America can be traced back to colonial South...
African Americans on Western Cattle Drives (1867-1885)
Post-Civil War cattle drives from Texas north to railroad depots in Missouri, Kansas, and Colorado were a necessary part of...
Trail of Tears (1831-1850)
The forced removal of Native Americans from the southeastern United States beginning in the 1830s to Indian Territory west of...
Black Women and the Wyoming Women’s Suffrage Act (1869- )
Fifty years before the 19th Amendment was passed, Wyoming legislators enacted the Wyoming Women’s Suffrage Act in 1869. The bill...
