Operation Hammer (1987-1990)

Operation Hammer (1987-1990)

Operation Hammer, a law enforcement program by the Los Angeles Police Department that began in 1987 was ostensibly an attempt to crack down on gang violence in Los Angeles, California. Many critics, however, saw the operation as racial profiling because it targeted...
Carmen Best (1965- )

Carmen Best (1965- )

Carmen Best, a veteran police officer, became the first African American woman police chief of the Seattle Police Department. Born and raised in Tacoma, Washington, Best graduated from Lincoln High School in 1983. After high school, she attended Eastern Washington...
Frank Wills (1948-2000)

Frank Wills (1948-2000)

On June 17, 1972, Frank Wills, an African American night watchman, detected an early morning break-in at the Democratic National Headquarters at the Watergate Office Building in Washington, D.C. The five men arrested had ties to President Richard Nixon’s reelection...
Bessie Blount Griffin (1914-2009)

Bessie Blount Griffin (1914-2009)

Bessie Virginia Blount, pioneer physical therapist, inventor, and scientist, was born in Hickory (today Chesapeake), Virginia, on November 24, 1914. In the sixth grade, she had to discontinue her elementary education, although she would later earn a GED after her...